It was not until 1956 when Richard Doll and Bradford Hill published the so called “British Doctors Study” a prospective epidemiological, involving more than 35,000 medical doctors, that health professionals worldwide considered the dangers of smoking more seriously. There were earlier studies published that linked cigarette smoking with various diseases, but the 1956 helped raise the awareness of the dangers of smoking. In the U.S., the 1964 “Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health” Service on Smoking and Health was a landmark publication that got the attention of Congressional leaders and the public. This report concluded that smoking causes cancer and it may be linked to arteriosclerotic diseases and chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The study also concluded that maternal smoking may affect the unborn. The public response to the report was immediate and smoking dropped off immediately for a short period of time.